The United States is known for its democratic roots and republican government, but few people realise that one of its states was once ruled by a monarch. The answer to the question — “Which U.S. state once had its own monarch before becoming part of the United States?” — is Hawaii.
Before joining the Union, Hawaii was a sovereign kingdom with its own royal family, government, and international recognition.
The Kingdom of Hawaii – A Royal Past
Long before Hawaii became the 50th state of the United States, it was known as the Kingdom of Hawaii. The kingdom was established in 1810 when King Kamehameha I successfully united the Hawaiian Islands under a single rule.
This marked the beginning of a powerful and independent monarchy that lasted for nearly a century. The Kingdom of Hawaii had treaties with major nations, maintained its own flag, and was recognised internationally as an independent nation.
The Hawaiian Monarchs
The Hawaiian monarchy consisted of a line of rulers who played vital roles in shaping the islands’ history, economy, and culture.
Here’s a brief list of Hawaii’s monarchs:
- King Kamehameha I (1810–1819) – United the islands and founded the kingdom.
- King Kamehameha II (1819–1824) – Opened Hawaii to foreign influence and trade.
- King Kamehameha III (1825–1854) – Introduced Hawaii’s first constitution.
- King Kamehameha IV (1855–1863) – Promoted healthcare and education.
- King Kamehameha V (1863–1872) – Strengthened royal authority.
- King Lunalilo (1873–1874) – Known as “The People’s King.”
- King Kalākaua (1874–1891) – Encouraged Hawaiian culture and global relations.
- Queen Liliʻuokalani (1891–1893) – The last reigning monarch, overthrown in 1893.
The Overthrow and Annexation of Hawaii
In 1893, Queen Liliʻuokalani was overthrown by a group of American businessmen and sugar planters with the support of U.S. Marines. They established a provisional government, which led to the end of Hawaii’s monarchy.
Five years later, in 1898, Hawaii was officially annexed by the United States under President William McKinley. It became a U.S. territory and, later, the 50th state on August 21, 1959.
Hawaii’s Royal Legacy Today
Although the monarchy was overthrown, the Hawaiian royal heritage still holds a deep place in the hearts of many Hawaiians. The royal palaces, such as ʻIolani Palace in Honolulu — the only royal palace on U.S. soil — stand as a symbol of Hawaii’s proud and independent past.
Hawaiian culture, language, and traditions continue to reflect the influence of its former monarchy.
Key Facts About Hawaii’s Monarchy
- Founded: 1810 by King Kamehameha I
- Overthrown: 1893
- Annexed by the U.S.: 1898
- Became a State: August 21, 1959
- Last Monarch: Queen Liliʻuokalani
- Royal Palace: ʻIolani Palace, Honolulu
Conclusion
The only U.S. state that once had its own monarch before joining the United States is Hawaii. Once a thriving kingdom led by native Hawaiian royalty, it later became an important part of the U.S. while preserving its distinct cultural identity.
The story of Hawaii’s monarchy remains a powerful reminder of its unique history — a bridge between the ancient Pacific traditions and modern American democracy.
FAQs
Q1: Which U.S. state had its own monarchy?
A: Hawaii once had its own monarchy before becoming part of the United States.
Q2: Who was the first king of Hawaii?
A: King Kamehameha I, who unified the islands in 1810.
Q3: Who was the last monarch of Hawaii?
A: Queen Liliʻuokalani, overthrown in 1893.
Q4: When did Hawaii become a U.S. state?
A: Hawaii became the 50th U.S. state on August 21, 1959.
Q5: What is ʻIolani Palace?
A: ʻIolani Palace in Honolulu was the official royal residence and is now a historic museum — the only royal palace on U.S. soil.